Category: Git

Ubuntu 17.10 Gufw firewall bug error solved

Ubuntu 17.10 gufw firewall bug error is getting common with most of Linux users. The bug is that after installing the Uncomplicated Firewall(GUFW) in Ubuntu 17.10 it does not appear on screen whenever user try to launch it. To solve this error of Gufw firewall please follow below steps.

Step 1.
Start your Ubuntu 17.10 operating system.

Step 2.
After the installation of Gufw Firewall in your system when it is not working, then open the terminal window of Ubuntu 17.10.

Step 3.
Now type this command in Terminal window ‘xhost +si:localuser:root’ and press enter as shown in image below.

Step 4.
You will get a revert as ‘localuser:root being added to access control list’.

Step 5.
Now you can run Gufw firewall on your system without any bug error.

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Tag in GIT

TAGGING A GIT BRANCH

Show all tags

git tag

Search tag

git tag -l "tag-search-pattern"
E.g.
git tag -l "v2.0.2*"

Create annotated tag

git tag -a <tagname> -m "<message>"
E.g.
git tag -a v2.0 -m "This version 2.0 contains web-ui changes"

Show tag details

git show <tagname>
E.g.
git show v2.0

Checkout tags

git checkout -b <branchname> <tagname>
E.g.
git checkout -b version2.0 v2.0

Pushing tags to remote

git push origin <tagname>
E.g.
git push origin v2.0

Pushing all (un-pushed) tags to remote

git push origin --tags

Rename an annotated git tag

  • rename tag
git tag <new-tag> <old-tag>
E.g.
git tag v1.1 1.1
  • delete tag locally
git tag -d <old-tag>
  • push deleted tag-change to remote
git push origin :<old-tag>
E.g.
git push origin :refs/tags/1.1
OR
git push origin :1.1
  • push renamed tag to remote
git push origin <new-tag> (E.g. git push origin v1.1)
OR
git push --tags
  • Finally, make sure that the other users remove the deleted tag. Please tell them(co-workers) to run the following command:
git pull --prune --tags

List local branches with corresponding HEAD hash, sorted by last commit date

git for-each-ref --sort=-committerdate refs/heads/

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Compare Branch in GIT

COMPARE BRANCH

  • Compare two branches (local) and show how much commits each branch is ahead of the other
git rev-list --left-right --count <branch1>...<branch2>

DIFF STATUS

  • Get differences status between local (checked-out) branch and its respective remote (tracked) branch
git checkout <local-branch>
git status -sb
Example Output: ## <local-branch>...<remote-branch> [ahead 2, behind 1]

DIFF AHEAD revisions of local branch

  • To see differences of ahead-revisions (in local-branch)
git diff <local-branch>...<remote-branch>^
E.g.
git diff master...origin/master^

DIFF BEHIND revisions of REMOTE branch

  • To see differences of ahead-revisions (in local-branch)
git diff <remote-branch>...<local-branch>^^
E.g.
git diff origin/master...master^^

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to List all Remote Branches in GIT

  • List all remote branches
# Show only remote branches names
git remote
# Show remote branches names with links
git remote -v
  • Update everything on local from remote
git remote update
* This command will update the local repository with ALL the content at ALL those remotes at git server. It would not show any changes to your local repository but in fact, it would update and create new remote branches in local .git folder. Now whenever we would create a local branch which is already existing at remote, it would fetch from .git folder straightaway to fetch all the contents.
  • Rename remote branch name
git push origin :<old_name> <new_name>
  • Delete remote branch
git push origin --delete <remote-branch-name>
  • Pull remote branch to create local
git pull <repo-name> <remote-branch-name>:<local-branch-name>
E.g.
git pull origin develop:develop
git pull origin features/test/tasks:features/test/mylocaltasks
  • Clean up stale references i.e. Remove all outdated-references from local machine’s cache (i.e. remote/* kind of heads)
git remote prune origin
OR
git fetch -p

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Rename Branch in GIT

  • Rename currently checked-out local branch
git branch -m <new-branch-name>
  • Rename local branch
git branch -m <branch_name_to_rename> <new-branch-name>
  • push new branch name to remote
git push origin :<old_name> <new_name>
  • Rename branch locally and remotely in 3 steps
# Rename branch locally
git branch -m <old-branch-name> <new-branch-name>
# Delete the old branch
git push origin :<old-branch-name>
# Push the new branch, set local branch to track the new remote
git push --set-upstream origin <new-branch-name>
OR
git push -u origin <new-branch-name>
  • Reset the upstream branch for the new-name local branch.
    • Switch to the branch
      • git checkout <new_name>
    • Push new branch-name now
      • git push origin -u new-name

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to List Branches in GIT

  • List all local branches with names only
git branch
  • List all remote branches with names only
git branch -r
  • List all local and remote branches with names only
git branch -a
  • List last commit on each branch
git branch -v
  • List last commit + remote-name on each branch
git branch -vv
  • List all branches merged to current branch
git branch --merged
  • List all branches NOT merged to current branch
git branch --no-merged

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Delete Branch in GIT

  • Switch to some other branch first
git checkout <some-other-branch-name>
  • Delete remote branch
git push origin --delete <branch_name>
  • Delete local branch now (This command will fail, if there is any pending work to be committed / merged)
git branch -d <branch-name-to-delete>
  • Delete local branch forcefully irrespective of merge status
git branch -D <branch-name-to-delete>
OR
git branch --delete --force <branch-name-to-delete>

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Create Branch in GIT

  • Create a blank branch (no-switching)
git branch <branch-name>
  • Create a blank branch and switch to it
git checkout -b <branch-name>
  • Create a branch from other branch
git checkout -b <branch-name> <branch-name-from>

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Merge in GIT

  • register modified and untracked files
git add <files-to-add>
  • Commit changes
git commit -m “commit message”
  • pull changes from origin
git pull --rebase
  • In case, merge conflict appears
git mergetool --tool=opendiff
  • Once merge is complete, save file and complete rebasing
git rebase --continue
  • Push finally
git push

resolve behind revisions

  • Checkout to local-branch
git checkout <local-branch>
E.g.
git checkout master
  • See if it has now ahead/behind revisions differences status
git branch -vv
  • Resolve behind revisions
    • Fetch all to update remote-branch in local cache
   git fetch --all
    • Merge now remote branch to local branch (fast-forward)
   git merge <remote-branch>
   E.g.
   git merge origin/master
  • pull changes from origin
git pull --rebase
  • In case, merge conflict appears
git mergetool --tool=opendiff
  • Once merge is complete, save file and complete rebasing
git rebase --continue
  • Push finally
git push

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.