Tutorials | Tutorials

What is the need of SEO – Search Engine Optimization

SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. We do SEO for multiple reasons. Below are the few one

To give good rank to our website
To provide high and good quality traffic to our website
To get listed website on the top of search engines.
To reach the target public for which website is prepared

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

What is Cross-Browser testing

What should we validate in Cross-Browser testing? As far as, I have found a way on this, my understanding is as below with each category explained on its approach:

Validating CSS
Page Element Operations (E.g. Click, LoseFocus, Submit etc) on plain browser or without JS
Images and their URLs
Font sizes (from browser)
Zoom behaviours by browser
All Links Validation (Recursively)
Text/Images and their alignment
Shift text positions
DATEs format validation
Page design in Mobile/Portrait/Landscape View
Multi-byte/Special Characters

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

LOG
View whole commits history
git log
View last n commits with its message only
git log –oneline -n
E.g.
git log –oneline -n 2
View commits history with differences (-p) only upto two last commits (-2)
git log -p -2
View commits history with statistics
git log –stat
View commits history beautifully in one-line, short status, full status, or max status
git log –pretty=[oneline/full/fuller/short]
View commits history in pretty format having (short-hash, author-name, author-date, subject)
git log –pretty=format:”%h – %an, %ar : %s”

— with date-range
git log –pretty=format:”%h – %an, %ar : %s” –author=pgupta –since=”2017-01-01″ –before=”2017-01-31″ –no-merges
Graphical (ASCII) presentation commands
git log –graph –topo-order –decorate –oneline –all
git log –graph –topo-order –decorate –oneline –boundary master..dev
git log –graph –all –topo-order –decorate –oneline –boundary –force-branch-columns=master,develop
List local branches with corresponding HEAD hash, sorted by last commit date
git for-each-ref –sort=-committerdate refs/heads/

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Tag in GIT

TAGGING A GIT BRANCH

Show all tags

git tag

Search tag

git tag -l "tag-search-pattern"

E.g.

git tag -l "v2.0.2*"

Create annotated tag

git tag -a <tagname> -m "<message>"

E.g.

git tag -a v2.0 -m "This version 2.0 contains web-ui changes"

Show tag details

git show <tagname>

E.g.

git show v2.0

Checkout tags

git checkout -b <branchname> <tagname>

E.g.

git checkout -b version2.0 v2.0

Pushing tags to remote

git push origin <tagname>

E.g.

git push origin v2.0

Pushing all (un-pushed) tags to remote

git push origin --tags

Rename an annotated git tag

rename tag

git tag <new-tag> <old-tag>

E.g.

git tag v1.1 1.1

delete tag locally

git tag -d <old-tag>

push deleted tag-change to remote

git push origin :<old-tag>

E.g.

git push origin :refs/tags/1.1

OR

git push origin :1.1

push renamed tag to remote

git push origin <new-tag> (E.g. git push origin v1.1)

OR

git push --tags

Finally, make sure that the other users remove the deleted tag. Please tell them(co-workers) to run the following command:

git pull --prune --tags

List local branches with corresponding HEAD hash, sorted by last commit date

git for-each-ref --sort=-committerdate refs/heads/

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Compare Branch in GIT

COMPARE BRANCH

Compare two branches (local) and show how much commits each branch is ahead of the other

git rev-list --left-right --count <branch1>...<branch2>

DIFF STATUS

Get differences status between local (checked-out) branch and its respective remote (tracked) branch

git checkout <local-branch>

git status -sb

Example Output: ## <local-branch>...<remote-branch> [ahead 2, behind 1]

DIFF AHEAD revisions of local branch

To see differences of ahead-revisions (in local-branch)

git diff <local-branch>...<remote-branch>^

E.g.

git diff master...origin/master^

DIFF BEHIND revisions of REMOTE branch

To see differences of ahead-revisions (in local-branch)

git diff <remote-branch>...<local-branch>^^

E.g.

git diff origin/master...master^^

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to List all Remote Branches in GIT

List all remote branches

# Show only remote branches names

git remote

# Show remote branches names with links

git remote -v

Update everything on local from remote

git remote update

* This command will update the local repository with ALL the content at ALL those remotes at git server. It would not show any changes to your local repository but in fact, it would update and create new remote branches in local .git folder. Now whenever we would create a local branch which is already existing at remote, it would fetch from .git folder straightaway to fetch all the contents.

Rename remote branch name

git push origin :<old_name> <new_name>

Delete remote branch

git push origin --delete <remote-branch-name>

Pull remote branch to create local

git pull <repo-name> <remote-branch-name>:<local-branch-name>

E.g.

git pull origin develop:develop

git pull origin features/test/tasks:features/test/mylocaltasks

Clean up stale references i.e. Remove all outdated-references from local machine’s cache (i.e. remote/* kind of heads)

git remote prune origin

OR

git fetch -p

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Rename Branch in GIT

Rename currently checked-out local branch

git branch -m <new-branch-name>

Rename local branch

git branch -m <branch_name_to_rename> <new-branch-name>

push new branch name to remote

git push origin :<old_name> <new_name>

Rename branch locally and remotely in 3 steps

# Rename branch locally

git branch -m <old-branch-name> <new-branch-name>

# Delete the old branch

git push origin :<old-branch-name>

# Push the new branch, set local branch to track the new remote

git push --set-upstream origin <new-branch-name>

OR

git push -u origin <new-branch-name>

Reset the upstream branch for the new-name local branch.
- Switch to the branch
  - git checkout <new_name>
- Push new branch-name now
  - git push origin -u new-name

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to List Branches in GIT

List all local branches with names only

git branch

List all remote branches with names only

git branch -r

List all local and remote branches with names only

git branch -a

List last commit on each branch

git branch -v

List last commit + remote-name on each branch

git branch -vv

List all branches merged to current branch

git branch --merged

List all branches NOT merged to current branch

git branch --no-merged

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Delete Branch in GIT

Switch to some other branch first

git checkout <some-other-branch-name>

Delete remote branch

git push origin --delete <branch_name>

Delete local branch now (This command will fail, if there is any pending work to be committed / merged)

git branch -d <branch-name-to-delete>

Delete local branch forcefully irrespective of merge status

git branch -D <branch-name-to-delete>

OR

git branch --delete --force <branch-name-to-delete>

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.

How to Create Branch in GIT

Create a blank branch (no-switching)

git branch <branch-name>

Create a blank branch and switch to it

git checkout -b <branch-name>

Create a branch from other branch

git checkout -b <branch-name> <branch-name-from>

* The Content stated above is for informational purpose only. Expert Software Team is not responsible if any part of content found meaningless in any manner or condition.